Imagining someone repeatedly sticking their hand in the oven while reciting their Our Father to test the temperature and getting increasingly frustrated because God keeps protecting them from the heat.
They also have a greater subjective response to pain (and, literally, it is based in the physiology of their melanocortin receptor, which causes other odd things, like higher sensitivity to opioids and lower sensitivity to numbing agents like lidocaine). It seems like it would all even out for a given pain stimulus. Which is weird to think about. Evolution wants us to be able to tolerate *this* much pain without our minds breaking, but no more.
Your last comment is interesting cause in theory given enough time if you let evolution and our favorite natural selection go on foe long enough, a species could develop an absurd pain tolerance, just evolve to not feel pain. But I do believe the explanation foe why we and most others animals do feel pain, is cause it's good for survival. We evolved enough so a cut on our hand doesn't send us into debilitating shock, but it still hurts, Jr hurts to let us know something bad has happened. Pain is our warning alarm. If you felt no pain, you could get shot from behind, somehow not notice it, keeps wlamomg feeling no pain, until you just bleed out none the wiser
No idea, but they do have a higher resistance to pain meds. Like, it takes more novacaine to get 'em numb than it takes a blonde or brunette
https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2018/04/redheads-pain#:~:text=They%20need%20about%2020%20percent,to%20the%20American%20Dentistry%20Association.
Holy crap. My maternal grandfather was a natural redhead, and while my mom and I are brunettes we both need more local anesthetic than the normal dose. One copy of the gene mutation must be enough for this problem, but as it's only now being looked into I'm guessing studies will focus on the redheads first. Fascinating!
red heads run in my family, though i am not one. i am also resistant to several common local anaesthetics. also codeine has no effect on me or my brother. its less effective than regular paracetamol.
They'll be fine, they'll adjust. The same way people learn the finger way of measuring how much water to add to rice in a rice cooker, despite finger lengths being non-uniform across humanity. I will shed a single tear for the olde ginger bakers though
it's like up to the first knuckle above the rice.
i did it so well my singaporean ex used to come over to my dorm room in college and ask me to put the right quantities in. And that's it. She was clearly annoyed about it but *I made perfect rice* and she wasn't going to let our brutal breakup stop her from snacks. (I am not inclined to bitterness, so I was fine with it, all I did was wash my hands well and add a little water to rice.)
What if your 2023 recipe says "medium-high heat" but your stove isn't very powerful? I imagine it was much the same. (Honestly, testing a new stove by how hot it "feels" when your hand is above it isn't the worst idea!)
Considering what we just read, they'd likely either use a different timing method, or vary the recipe to fit the timing method. In essence, they adapt accordingly :)
“Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on earth as—why the fuck is it not hot yet? I should’ve been done by name!”
“Oh, sorry that’s my bad!”
“YEOWCH!”
If you've ever heard bad-faith discourse about the term, this stuff is what 'indigenous knowledge' *actually means*. Like when people say we should be taking indigenous knowledge into consideration in matters like forest conservation in the Great Lakes region, it's not "the Michigan Department of the Environment must acknowledge the objective truth of the Ojibwe creation myths", it's "hey, this group of people have been using and cultivating this exact area's ecology for 15 centuries, they probably have good ideas on how to do things like firebreaks and tree cultivation that we should listen to."
If you haven’t read “Braiding Sweetgrass,” the author goes into a ton of examples of this (and I’m using the plural “you” here to anyone reading this.
Another great example of this (that I don’t think the author talks about) is the fact that native tribes out west have been practicing controlled burns for thousands of years, and when they stopped being able to we get the wildfire issues we have now. It’s a myth that the Americas were wilderness before my (white) people got here — they were cultivating the land, just not in the traditional European way. You can tell because when we stopped doing what the natives did there were clear effects on the environment.
I think we're having that same issue in Aus. I think that they've started consulting with elders over it for firebreaks. Another semi tangential one- when Lindy Chamberlain's child disappeared, she wasn't believed that a Dingo could actually take her baby. Turns out, if you asked the people who actually lived there, the Dingos were getting much more aggressive and could easily do so. There was an aboriginal tracker who was part of the search party and they got ignored about following Dingo tracks that looked like they were carrying a heavy object.
same with ayurvedic medicine - obv modern medicine trumps most of the traditional healing methods, but tbh those old ways of doing it aren’t terrible. our ancestors weren’t stupid, just ignorant
Yeah. IIRC there's a field of study in modern medicine which is about looking at old traditional medicine, finding what works, and essentially distilling it
"Oh, the people here has been chewing a certain plant as a pain killer? Let's take a look at the plant... And oh! there's a painkilling compound here! Let's distill it into medicine!" (And that kids, is more or less how we got heroin)
I like my cozy, rooty tastes, so I always have some clove in my kitchen, but I don't get sick often and have high pain tolerance, so I don't always have painkillers. As you can imagine there was quite a few times I used chewed cloves to deal with something like a toothache and it surprisingly works great.
Eugenol (which is basically clove oil) is used a fair amount in dentistry.
Disclaimer: Do no put straight clove oil in your mouth, it's too strong and will cause chemical burns.
I can't eat cloves anymore after they packed the sockets with clove oil soaked gauze after my wisdom teeth extraction. My mouth tasted like christmas' ass for a week.
When got dry socket after getting my wisdom teeth removed, my dentist shoved clove covered gauze into the gums because of the pain.
I STILL can’t stand the taste of cloves because that’s all I could taste for the week
You have to be careful with valerian because people are already on anxiety/depression meds and valerian interacts badly with benzos, barbiturates or central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and also things like Saint Johns Wort and melatonin.
AND also an extremely effective remedy for altitude sickness; a quick, pick-me-up energy boost (similar to, but better than, coffee/caffeine for fatigue) and to ward off hunger pains!
*plant magic*
The big problem with all of this stuff is that reasoned and intelligent investigation tends to get overshadowed by the scammers and conartists using appeals to ancient wisdom and the like to sell anything from useless nothings to toxic crap. So everything gets bundled together. Homeopathy, ayurvedic, native american, asian and middle eastern stuff, actual straight poison, and everything gets the same bad rap.
they also didn't have chemistry and basically unlimited power ,
if we find a way to syntesize a compound we can make it on a higher scale
that harvesting a reasonable amount of a likely slow reproducing plant ...
it also emits more CO2 , and requires horrible mining conditions and enviromental destruction ...
but each society has it's tradeoffs ...
Should look into that more myself.
For my part I’m saving this image in case shit hits the fan and I need to treat an infection without access to internet or modern medicine. Useful little tidbit, this.
As always take the in vitro medicine results with a grain of salt for actual medicinal applications.
Like the tumblr person said, its cytotoxic it kills tissue and bacteria.
The bleach you have at home does the same. A gun shot does the same. Neither are applicable at treating a MRSA infection in a person. There are a lot of things that can kill MRSA in vitro but dont have a good effect in vivo or with people.
You will always see the fantastical headline of X pharmaceutical kills cancer, stops this bacteria and destroys the virus and then you find out its limited to use in a petri dish, often at an absurd concentration or its also incredibly toxic to humans but that requires further knowledge and usually its an important stepping stone of developing a compound that is more useful. Some of the headlines are well deserved. Its just that the majority of the headline stealers are functionally scientifically illiterate in their understanding of what was actually researched.
Directly from the study the post references:
> Thus, while there is some interbatch variability in activity, Bald’s eyesalve shows potential as an antistaphylococcal agent in vivo.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542191/
So, there's something to it, and the recipe must be follow pretty closely, but it needs more study.
I mean leaving the Ardennes wide open and taunting Germans from the Maginot line is a *little* funny, but I'm well aware that I say that with the hindsight of someone for who has never seen generationally traumatic static warfare play out of a global scale (yet), and who regards mechanized infantry and logistics in the context of maneuver warfare as a matter of course.
ok sothat study with the eyesalve was done in 2015and was pretty successful in eliminating MRSA in culture, synthethic models and in mice
off course just cause it works in vitro doesnt mean its gonna work in vivo as wellbut its progress
Sure--and a good point to keep in mind--but just try convincing an ethics review board to let you do a clinical trial of this. "...why are all the citations in your "Justification" section written in Anglo-saxon?"
snobbish bells carpenter zesty wipe ancient station fanatical dog childlike
*This post was mass deleted and anonymized with [Redact](https://redact.dev)*
fair.... but afaik with the highly resistant MRSA variants so far the only treatment is either hoping your immune system can handle it or to use bacteriophages which are difficult to get the specific ones you need (so probably also expensive) and only available/legal in some countries!
and we use cytotoxic substances as treatment already... its a classic case of is treating the disease worth the negatives? (liver, heart, kidney damage)
Granted, that makes sense, but *it stands to reason* that it should at *least* be somewhat effective as a salve, given the, you know, original instructions?
In this case, killing MRSA isn't any more impressive than killing "standard" staphylococcus aureus. MRSA can be tricky to treat because it's evolved resistance to a lot of antibiotics, but this treatment is killing it by a different method to antibiotics.
TLDR:
* Reciting prayer was widely used as an early stopwatch for both ancient medicine and cooking (e.g. "say the Pater Noster 2x" = wait 1 minute)
* You might think that the prayer timing only had a rational purpose, and no spiritual/religious one. But medieval people valued both, and didn't make that distinction like us modern atheistic people.
* As evidence of how intelligent medieval people were, there's a medicine from \~1000AD that can treat MRSA (which is difficult to treat with modern medicine). It uses garlic, leeks, wine, bull stomach acid, and copper salts - all known to have antibacterial or detergent properties.
* The medicine was forgotten because it was written in Anglo-Saxon - and the language of academia/medicine would soon change to Latin following the Norman invasion.
A small distinction: The solution doesn't necessarily *treat* MSRA very well, although it can *kill* the bacteria pretty well in lab tests. However, it would probably be a lot better than nothing in a real infection without modern medicine, especially in medieval times. (That's my takeaway, anyway. someone correct my errors lol)
Hey, we should all know about Tu Youyou!
She is the first Chinese Nobel winner in medicine, and the first Chinese woman to get any Nobel.
And she did it by using modern techniques to investigate recipes from Traditional Chinese Medicine. In particular, she found a 1600 year old recipe for treating malaria. From that, her lab isolated the compound artemisinin, which clinical trials revealed to be effective against a particularly nasty new form of malaria.
The ancients really weren't dumb.
In a similar case, I watched a video recently named “A short guide to the FNAF lore”
Yeah that shit was 9 hours long.
I also came out with more questions than I went in with
There are trick metas that make people genuinely believe that jumping into a spike is the right solution. :D
There really is a lot of history in there and it has developed a lot from the days when they were basically just shit levels, to developing one of the largest still active Mario-centered communities and sometimes putting years of effort into a product.
This reminds me of Moro Soup, a true life saver. literally.
Professor Moro, a professor for pediatry in Germany in the early 20th century came across this old wives tale of cooking carrot soup for diarrhea.
Now, diarrhea for small children is very deadly.
So he sat down and tested it.
And it worked!
So he sat down and made it better, and it worked so extremely well that he cut the mortality rate of babies with diarrhea by almost 50%.
It's fucking carrot soup!!!
It works better than common antibiotics. Or other medication.
Current theory is that the sugars in the carrots break down when cooked for more than an hour (when they turn sweet) and those saccharides resemble the mucous membrane in the intestines and have bacteria bind to them to the be flushed out.
So, when you have diarrhea, make yourself a pot of Prof. Moro'sche carrot soup.
It works miracles according to my last bout with food poisoning.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Moro
We still use similar timekeeping methods to this day such as for handwashing by using songs like the Happy Birthday song or using the beat of Staying Alive for chest compressions.
Yep, pretty much. I once played a Dark Heresy game as a tech priest and had a lot of fun referencing real scientific or mechanical functions as pseudo-religious nonsense. Me and the GM developed a whole cant for it, it was hilarious.
The looks on the other players' faces when I hot-wired a car while singing a manporor-damned nursery-rhyme was hilarious. "The ignition wire goes in the relay cord, the gear shift connects to the mother-board, the spark drive connects to the- oh, I've found problemet!" *VROOM*
He was a Swedish techpriest by the way, recruited from Fenrisian serfs on a Space Wolf battlebarge due to his natural skill with machines at a young age. He was thus apprenticed into the Mechanicus, after being ritually-cleansed for all his unintentional tech-heresy of course. He later got recruited along with the rest of the party by Inkvisitionen (as he calls them) after being some of the few survivors of a ship that was eaten by a strange spacial phenomenon.
I just want to add that the whole thing about medieval doctors keeping time by using well-known prayers whose rhythm and pacing would be familiar to just about anybody, that stuff is still used in modern medicine today. You go take a first aid class tomorrow and they'll tell you that when you're doing CPR you should time your chest compressions to Staying Alive or I Will Survive or a number of other popular songs in the range of 100-120 bpm. When I was in elementary school they taught us to sing Happy Birthday while washing out hands to make sure we'd wash them for the right amount of time.
It turns out music is still the best way for people to intuitively understand specific frequencies or lengths of time.
One of the things that is most frustrating about studying history, is that modern humans seem to think that everyone who was alive before electricity just sat on their asses all day, every day, staring at a dirt floor and drooling quietly.
Like... fuckin' *no?* They were out *doing stuff*. Peasant farmers in the medieval ages worked *less* than modern office drones, while at the same time didn't have any of our distractions. So that means they had to *go do other shit*.
And that holds true for *every human ever to exist*.
Can't read this at all on mobile without like downloading the image I guess. What happened to people separating these into multiple images instead of one unreasonably long one?
when theyre separated sometimes they dont display fully and you have to load each individual one in a different tab on pc, its annoying as hell. no idea how that is on mobile
My mother told me she used to sing the "Ave Maria" while she was turning on the gas stove in the flat she had as an apprentice, because it took ages to finally keep burning without the starter. She never measured the exact time it took, but she knew after singing the eternally long "Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaveeeeeeeeeeeeee Maaaaaaaaariiiiiiiiiiaaaaaaaaaa" it was enough time to let go.
Note about the eye salve in the same vein, I believe they first tried making it with modem lab equipment and it didn't work. Then they tried it with 'a brazen vessel' and had a much more pronounced effect, thanks to the copper reaction.
In the army, they teach you to time short bursts from a machine gun along the cadence “*die motherfucker die*” to get the ideal amount of suppressive fire that can be sustained over time without running out of ammo
To be honest, I'm slightly disappointed someone didn't mention Terry Pratchett's Nation. There's a scene that describes using a rhyme/incantation as a timing device which actually becomes important for the plot later on, so I won't spoil it .
It's embarrassing how excited I got seeing Nanny Ogg's cookbook referenced. Was expecting some highly suggestive medieval lore or ancient aphrodisiac recipes to come up after that.
Reminds me of the people who would grind up the bones of their enemies into their iron swords to enchant them. It worked.
That is, the carbon in the bones created a primitive steel, so the "enchanted" swords were tougher, sharper, and lighter than the other iron ones.
There are still things, to this day, that people dismiss as "superstition". But hey, if it works, it works.
Basically used for a similar reason that we teach young kids to sing the Birthday song twice when washing their hands. Its something well known to most people irrelevant of whether they are literate, is spoken with a specific cadence, and holds an important significance so it would be taken more seriously (albeit less so for impatient children who try to sing the birthday song really fast so they spend less time handwashing, than to a god-fearing medieval person reciting a prayer).
In 2020 there came a great plague that swept across the continents. People were encouraged while cleaning and doing household tasks to chant a song bringing in their next Birthday so they might live another year
I’m on bed-rest after a surgery, and boy was that a fascinating read!
Looks like this Alice is about to stumble down the rabbit hole for a couple of hours!!
Reminds me of an ancient recipe for hormone therapy that's still in use today. We don't know for sure what it was used for originally. It may have been used by people who today we would call transfeminine people to transition. It may have been used as birth control, or as treatment for menopause issues. That last one is what this same medicine(with more modern production methods) is used for today. But we still know the basic recipe that's probably thousands of years old: aromatic herbs(the smellier, the better, you'll see why), wood ashes, and urine from a pregnant horse. The modern version of the medicine uses fancy synthetic materials instead of ashes, and does chemistry stuff to it all to make it safer and less gross, but the source of estrogen is the same. And it still goes by a name based on that source of estrogen. PREgnant MAre's urINe. Premarin.
When Fall fans would give directions from the train station or whatever to the forthcoming gig venue walking distances were given in terms of assorted specific bits of Fall songs.
This was easy as many Fall songs have an extremely steady walking/striding beat.
Prime example, Blindness https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eQPoVNrCZTk
There have been a lot of clickbait titled documentaries and articles about Isaac Newton suggesting he was into mysticism and alchemy and not a real scientist. But yeah. In his day that was science. Chemistry didn't exist. Only alchemy. He believed strongly that all the sciences and mathematics were connected and from his perspective hos religious beliefs fwll into that too. So he studied all of them and wrote on them. He discovered so many things. He conteadicted the belief of the time for how light worked and using that knowledge created a mirror telescope a fraction of the size but many times the strength of existing lens telescopes.
So of course he tried to figure out what was actually true with alchemy and of course he looked for some link to the spiritual. He looked at least. Looking is what science is about.
So yeah we need to ditch the 20th century snobbery of "they couldn't possibly have known anything worthwhile back then" because progress is not a linear thing accross all time and cultures. Knowledge is gained and lost. Someone could have no knowlege outside of superstitious remedies but one of those might have been a long time leftover from someone who actually cared for real reaults. It's worth a look.
It always amazes me to think we are still walking around with the same basic stuff as a species as we were 1000+ years ago. Sure, something like the way we walk might have changed due to wearing shoes but it's all the same, same brain, heart, skin, etc.
holy christ alive I’m on mobile and saw it wasn’t the full image so I opened it to read what I assumed would be a sentence or two of context WHY IS IT SO HUGE
Because thesis papers have to go somewhere after they're turned in for review. Usually they're spewed on Tumblr when the Dr is summoned by the vague topic they wrote about.
Like magic they pop into existence like a toddler who learned how to do the Vulcan 🖖 hand thing and want to show you. Albeit with more big words.
I would just like to say that George Washington died because 4 different doctors showed up and just went "You know what his problem is? He's got too much blood."
I mean, we still do this. During the pandemic a way to keep time to know you washed your hand long enough was to sing the opening verse to the black parade. Am I the only one that did it? From "when I was a young boy" till "the beaten and the damned" is about 20 seconds
absolutely fantastic post but there is one thing that annoys the heck out of me
of course church bells were used for timekeeping
they still are, just go to any place with a church
as someone who continually forgets their phone or watch, church bells and clocks on church towers are life savers
one chime for :15, two for :30, three for :45 and four + the full hour with a different bell (sometimes the am/pm in a light pitch and the additional needed for the accurate 24 hour time in a deeper pitch)
also, shit like this is why ancient brahman priests were able to memorize the orally-transmitted bhagavad gita, which is like a 4 hour read at 250 wpm, or how homer was able to recite the illiad/odyssey, its so much easier to memorize a song than it is to just memorize text
I didn’t even read this but it always shocks me when I click on a post like this and a fucking MILE of text and image appears. No way am I reading all that but I appreciate it.
i remember hearing about a written down recipe for cooking something but instead of saying how many minutes you have to do something they use a song and prayers
Honestly as usual, this tumblr post needs way more citations and so many of the things people are preaching are questionable at best.
Is copper induced cytotoxicity really that amazing of a discovery?
Is time keeping with chants, prayers, and songs really that surprising or are you all just disconnected from traditional life?
Oh stop being a turd. They wrote their thesis on this topic. Do you expect them to dredge up their thesis paper and copy the works cited page for a Tumblr post?
I highly recommend the book *Witches, Midwives, and Nurses* by Barbara Ehrenreich. It goes into the history of the divide between traditional and conventional medicine.
I like the part about the relationship to religion the medieval Christians had... It reminds me of Islam today, how Muslims believe that it is not just a belief or faith, but a way of life. We try to live our lives around the principles of Islam, balance the physical and the spiritual together. Like, my grandparents will be walking and then suddenly say a short prayer. Before leaving the house my mum says a prayer, she says it keeps her safe from accidents while driving.
If my dad wakes up at night he'll sleepily say zikr or the kalma and then go back to sleep. My friends have favourite prayers and favourite ayaat from the Quran that help them when they're feeling down or help them feel grateful. There are prayers that I say before every exam, when I come back home, when I suddenly remember that the lady in the house across the street passed away.
I feel like medieval Christianity must have been similar, idk.
That story at the end is actually something I've discussed before to explain why people are working to try and integrate more advanced modern medicine and traditionalist precolonial practices in my countries. A lot of people think that not just ignoring all the experienced sangomas and amxhwele in my country is out of pity for the sake of humoring them, but those people never seem to remember that those people have the same goals as any doctor with a degree.
Medical practitioners all over the world have been working for thousands of years to advance the craft of helping people. They may not understand all the intricacies of what they're doing, but a sangoma in the middle of nowhere doesn't have that luxury, so they stick to doing what works. Most modern medicine is leaps and bounds more effective than their traditional equivalent, but my country is 1. very rural and 2. has a lot of poverty. Once again, a lot of people don't have the luxury of access to aid like that.
While traditional practices aren't the most effective, they've been honed over millennia of experimentation and practice to be as *practical* as possible. Giving such practices more support means that people who don't live in big towns as middle-class citizens can still receive aid. It would be foolhardy to leave millions of people unattended simply because we don't want to find someone who's dedicated their career to learning practices with thousands of years of refinement behind them.
Nothing like good old leech medicine
[Medieval medicine #shorts by @Stanzipotenza (youtube short video)](https://youtube.com/shorts/Yi12eNNiqos?si=-UDv-nYlAqmR-W9K)
Imagining someone repeatedly sticking their hand in the oven while reciting their Our Father to test the temperature and getting increasingly frustrated because God keeps protecting them from the heat.
"i have been protecting you for the LAST TEN PRAYERS! CAN YOU STOP PUTTING YOUR HANDS IN THE OVEN? WHAT KIND OF SICK KINK IS THIS?"
Yeah I was gonna say what about pain tolerances? Like what if a redhead was doing a recipe made by a brunette? O’ the poor Irish lassies 😭
Do gingers have lower pain tolerance for heat?
Higher. Redheads have a higher pain tolerance.
They also have a greater subjective response to pain (and, literally, it is based in the physiology of their melanocortin receptor, which causes other odd things, like higher sensitivity to opioids and lower sensitivity to numbing agents like lidocaine). It seems like it would all even out for a given pain stimulus. Which is weird to think about. Evolution wants us to be able to tolerate *this* much pain without our minds breaking, but no more.
Your last comment is interesting cause in theory given enough time if you let evolution and our favorite natural selection go on foe long enough, a species could develop an absurd pain tolerance, just evolve to not feel pain. But I do believe the explanation foe why we and most others animals do feel pain, is cause it's good for survival. We evolved enough so a cut on our hand doesn't send us into debilitating shock, but it still hurts, Jr hurts to let us know something bad has happened. Pain is our warning alarm. If you felt no pain, you could get shot from behind, somehow not notice it, keeps wlamomg feeling no pain, until you just bleed out none the wiser
Interesting
No idea, but they do have a higher resistance to pain meds. Like, it takes more novacaine to get 'em numb than it takes a blonde or brunette https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2018/04/redheads-pain#:~:text=They%20need%20about%2020%20percent,to%20the%20American%20Dentistry%20Association.
Holy crap. My maternal grandfather was a natural redhead, and while my mom and I are brunettes we both need more local anesthetic than the normal dose. One copy of the gene mutation must be enough for this problem, but as it's only now being looked into I'm guessing studies will focus on the redheads first. Fascinating!
red heads run in my family, though i am not one. i am also resistant to several common local anaesthetics. also codeine has no effect on me or my brother. its less effective than regular paracetamol.
Well that explains a lot
What if i'm blonde with a red beard?
There was a study somewhere (*citation missing*) that showed a trend where redheads had a lower tolerance for pain than brunettes.
They'll be fine, they'll adjust. The same way people learn the finger way of measuring how much water to add to rice in a rice cooker, despite finger lengths being non-uniform across humanity. I will shed a single tear for the olde ginger bakers though
it's like up to the first knuckle above the rice. i did it so well my singaporean ex used to come over to my dorm room in college and ask me to put the right quantities in. And that's it. She was clearly annoyed about it but *I made perfect rice* and she wasn't going to let our brutal breakup stop her from snacks. (I am not inclined to bitterness, so I was fine with it, all I did was wash my hands well and add a little water to rice.)
What if your 2023 recipe says "medium-high heat" but your stove isn't very powerful? I imagine it was much the same. (Honestly, testing a new stove by how hot it "feels" when your hand is above it isn't the worst idea!)
Considering what we just read, they'd likely either use a different timing method, or vary the recipe to fit the timing method. In essence, they adapt accordingly :)
Thermometers invented 50 years early because God gets sick of having to answer all these prayers
“Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on earth as—why the fuck is it not hot yet? I should’ve been done by name!” “Oh, sorry that’s my bad!” “YEOWCH!”
You can say the same for a lot of native american medicines too for the record -- they knew a ton about what plants helped with what diseases.
If you've ever heard bad-faith discourse about the term, this stuff is what 'indigenous knowledge' *actually means*. Like when people say we should be taking indigenous knowledge into consideration in matters like forest conservation in the Great Lakes region, it's not "the Michigan Department of the Environment must acknowledge the objective truth of the Ojibwe creation myths", it's "hey, this group of people have been using and cultivating this exact area's ecology for 15 centuries, they probably have good ideas on how to do things like firebreaks and tree cultivation that we should listen to."
If you haven’t read “Braiding Sweetgrass,” the author goes into a ton of examples of this (and I’m using the plural “you” here to anyone reading this. Another great example of this (that I don’t think the author talks about) is the fact that native tribes out west have been practicing controlled burns for thousands of years, and when they stopped being able to we get the wildfire issues we have now. It’s a myth that the Americas were wilderness before my (white) people got here — they were cultivating the land, just not in the traditional European way. You can tell because when we stopped doing what the natives did there were clear effects on the environment.
Exactly! I'll add that book to my reading list too, thanks for the recommendation.
this is why tickborne diseases are an actual *epidemic* in New England, true facts.
I think we're having that same issue in Aus. I think that they've started consulting with elders over it for firebreaks. Another semi tangential one- when Lindy Chamberlain's child disappeared, she wasn't believed that a Dingo could actually take her baby. Turns out, if you asked the people who actually lived there, the Dingos were getting much more aggressive and could easily do so. There was an aboriginal tracker who was part of the search party and they got ignored about following Dingo tracks that looked like they were carrying a heavy object.
Oh, I’ve never heard of this story. It’s fascinating, thanks for mentioning it
same with ayurvedic medicine - obv modern medicine trumps most of the traditional healing methods, but tbh those old ways of doing it aren’t terrible. our ancestors weren’t stupid, just ignorant
Yeah. IIRC there's a field of study in modern medicine which is about looking at old traditional medicine, finding what works, and essentially distilling it "Oh, the people here has been chewing a certain plant as a pain killer? Let's take a look at the plant... And oh! there's a painkilling compound here! Let's distill it into medicine!" (And that kids, is more or less how we got heroin)
I like my cozy, rooty tastes, so I always have some clove in my kitchen, but I don't get sick often and have high pain tolerance, so I don't always have painkillers. As you can imagine there was quite a few times I used chewed cloves to deal with something like a toothache and it surprisingly works great.
Eugenol (which is basically clove oil) is used a fair amount in dentistry. Disclaimer: Do no put straight clove oil in your mouth, it's too strong and will cause chemical burns.
Bright side, you won't notice your toothache anymore
I can't eat cloves anymore after they packed the sockets with clove oil soaked gauze after my wisdom teeth extraction. My mouth tasted like christmas' ass for a week.
Cloves steeped in hot water is a great remedy for stuffy noses and sore throats. Works better than vaporub and tastes lovely.
my parents actually use cloves as a painkiller and as mouth freshener
When got dry socket after getting my wisdom teeth removed, my dentist shoved clove covered gauze into the gums because of the pain. I STILL can’t stand the taste of cloves because that’s all I could taste for the week
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You have to be careful with valerian because people are already on anxiety/depression meds and valerian interacts badly with benzos, barbiturates or central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and also things like Saint Johns Wort and melatonin.
There are parts of south america where they still chew coca leaves for oral pain relief.
AND also an extremely effective remedy for altitude sickness; a quick, pick-me-up energy boost (similar to, but better than, coffee/caffeine for fatigue) and to ward off hunger pains! *plant magic*
Ethnobotany
The big problem with all of this stuff is that reasoned and intelligent investigation tends to get overshadowed by the scammers and conartists using appeals to ancient wisdom and the like to sell anything from useless nothings to toxic crap. So everything gets bundled together. Homeopathy, ayurvedic, native american, asian and middle eastern stuff, actual straight poison, and everything gets the same bad rap.
they also didn't have chemistry and basically unlimited power , if we find a way to syntesize a compound we can make it on a higher scale that harvesting a reasonable amount of a likely slow reproducing plant ... it also emits more CO2 , and requires horrible mining conditions and enviromental destruction ... but each society has it's tradeoffs ...
Should look into that more myself. For my part I’m saving this image in case shit hits the fan and I need to treat an infection without access to internet or modern medicine. Useful little tidbit, this.
A long read, but a good one. That eye salve thing is fascinating.
As always take the in vitro medicine results with a grain of salt for actual medicinal applications. Like the tumblr person said, its cytotoxic it kills tissue and bacteria. The bleach you have at home does the same. A gun shot does the same. Neither are applicable at treating a MRSA infection in a person. There are a lot of things that can kill MRSA in vitro but dont have a good effect in vivo or with people. You will always see the fantastical headline of X pharmaceutical kills cancer, stops this bacteria and destroys the virus and then you find out its limited to use in a petri dish, often at an absurd concentration or its also incredibly toxic to humans but that requires further knowledge and usually its an important stepping stone of developing a compound that is more useful. Some of the headlines are well deserved. Its just that the majority of the headline stealers are functionally scientifically illiterate in their understanding of what was actually researched.
Directly from the study the post references: > Thus, while there is some interbatch variability in activity, Bald’s eyesalve shows potential as an antistaphylococcal agent in vivo. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542191/ So, there's something to it, and the recipe must be follow pretty closely, but it needs more study.
OK, the french are bad for my health, got it.
I mean, that just goes without saying
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I'm still making fun of the French, regardless of social faux pas.
Well, "gauche" is a french leanword, so that should tell you everything you need to know in that regard.
The fact that both sinister and gauche mean "left": poor lefties just never catch a break.
I'll never make fun of the French for "losing" World War II or being hesitant about getting involved in the Second Gulf War. Anything else? Fair game.
I mean leaving the Ardennes wide open and taunting Germans from the Maginot line is a *little* funny, but I'm well aware that I say that with the hindsight of someone for who has never seen generationally traumatic static warfare play out of a global scale (yet), and who regards mechanized infantry and logistics in the context of maneuver warfare as a matter of course.
No societal norm will ever convince me to not make fun of the Fr\*nch. The only thing worse than a Frenchman is *two* Frenchmen >:(
Nobody told you to eat them. Just bury them next to the russians...
🤣😭
ok sothat study with the eyesalve was done in 2015and was pretty successful in eliminating MRSA in culture, synthethic models and in mice off course just cause it works in vitro doesnt mean its gonna work in vivo as wellbut its progress
Sure--and a good point to keep in mind--but just try convincing an ethics review board to let you do a clinical trial of this. "...why are all the citations in your "Justification" section written in Anglo-saxon?"
snobbish bells carpenter zesty wipe ancient station fanatical dog childlike *This post was mass deleted and anonymized with [Redact](https://redact.dev)*
fair.... but afaik with the highly resistant MRSA variants so far the only treatment is either hoping your immune system can handle it or to use bacteriophages which are difficult to get the specific ones you need (so probably also expensive) and only available/legal in some countries! and we use cytotoxic substances as treatment already... its a classic case of is treating the disease worth the negatives? (liver, heart, kidney damage)
Yeah, I'd rather be alive with kidney damage than dead. You can do something about the kidneys. Can't do much about dead.
and i'd rather be dead than have to do dialysis every other week for the rest of your live
Transplants are also a possibility (admittedly not a convenient or readily available one) But, totally fair.
i mean... *points at that study* has worked before. and is fairly easy to do for a study compared to other stuff you see on pubmed
https://xkcd.com/1217/
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542191/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542191/) link to the study
Yeah I immediately thought of the xkcd about cancer treatments. https://xkcd.com/1217/
Granted, that makes sense, but *it stands to reason* that it should at *least* be somewhat effective as a salve, given the, you know, original instructions?
In this case, killing MRSA isn't any more impressive than killing "standard" staphylococcus aureus. MRSA can be tricky to treat because it's evolved resistance to a lot of antibiotics, but this treatment is killing it by a different method to antibiotics.
This ain't even a wall of text anymore, it's a fucking SPIRE of text. Also what is magic if not science about things you can't explain?
It's a leechbook of text
It's 736x18909 pixels
[I present to you the modern desktop web browsing experience.](https://i.imgur.com/nEfDEc4.png)
And I thought I was having a hard time with mobile...
This looks even funnier from mobile
“What, it’s just an ordinary Reddit po—OH MY GOODNESS”
TLDR: * Reciting prayer was widely used as an early stopwatch for both ancient medicine and cooking (e.g. "say the Pater Noster 2x" = wait 1 minute) * You might think that the prayer timing only had a rational purpose, and no spiritual/religious one. But medieval people valued both, and didn't make that distinction like us modern atheistic people. * As evidence of how intelligent medieval people were, there's a medicine from \~1000AD that can treat MRSA (which is difficult to treat with modern medicine). It uses garlic, leeks, wine, bull stomach acid, and copper salts - all known to have antibacterial or detergent properties. * The medicine was forgotten because it was written in Anglo-Saxon - and the language of academia/medicine would soon change to Latin following the Norman invasion.
A small distinction: The solution doesn't necessarily *treat* MSRA very well, although it can *kill* the bacteria pretty well in lab tests. However, it would probably be a lot better than nothing in a real infection without modern medicine, especially in medieval times. (That's my takeaway, anyway. someone correct my errors lol)
Hey, we should all know about Tu Youyou! She is the first Chinese Nobel winner in medicine, and the first Chinese woman to get any Nobel. And she did it by using modern techniques to investigate recipes from Traditional Chinese Medicine. In particular, she found a 1600 year old recipe for treating malaria. From that, her lab isolated the compound artemisinin, which clinical trials revealed to be effective against a particularly nasty new form of malaria. The ancients really weren't dumb.
All I saw was a paragraph at first but then I clicked on the post and got blasted by a WALL of text. Good lord
Classic cvs receipt Tumblr post
It's worth it!
"fun LITTLE thing about medieval medicine"
In a similar case, I watched a video recently named “A short guide to the FNAF lore” Yeah that shit was 9 hours long. I also came out with more questions than I went in with
Yep, I watched "An incomplete Mario maker troll level history", 9 hours 18 minutes. And I DID think about stuff that was missing!
I did not know that troll Mario levels had lore, damm
There are trick metas that make people genuinely believe that jumping into a spike is the right solution. :D There really is a lot of history in there and it has developed a lot from the days when they were basically just shit levels, to developing one of the largest still active Mario-centered communities and sometimes putting years of effort into a product.
I can’t zoom in enough to read it on my phone.
It's intended to be read as an 11 ft scroll, so...
This reminds me of Moro Soup, a true life saver. literally. Professor Moro, a professor for pediatry in Germany in the early 20th century came across this old wives tale of cooking carrot soup for diarrhea. Now, diarrhea for small children is very deadly. So he sat down and tested it. And it worked! So he sat down and made it better, and it worked so extremely well that he cut the mortality rate of babies with diarrhea by almost 50%. It's fucking carrot soup!!! It works better than common antibiotics. Or other medication. Current theory is that the sugars in the carrots break down when cooked for more than an hour (when they turn sweet) and those saccharides resemble the mucous membrane in the intestines and have bacteria bind to them to the be flushed out. So, when you have diarrhea, make yourself a pot of Prof. Moro'sche carrot soup. It works miracles according to my last bout with food poisoning. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Moro
That's amazing!
We still use similar timekeeping methods to this day such as for handwashing by using songs like the Happy Birthday song or using the beat of Staying Alive for chest compressions.
You know suddenly all the Warhammer 40K techpriest reciting incantations over their computers sounds just a bit more reasonable.
"Strike the rune of activation" is step, like, 10
It is my belief that their binharic hymns are just dial-up noses.
Yep, pretty much. I once played a Dark Heresy game as a tech priest and had a lot of fun referencing real scientific or mechanical functions as pseudo-religious nonsense. Me and the GM developed a whole cant for it, it was hilarious. The looks on the other players' faces when I hot-wired a car while singing a manporor-damned nursery-rhyme was hilarious. "The ignition wire goes in the relay cord, the gear shift connects to the mother-board, the spark drive connects to the- oh, I've found problemet!" *VROOM* He was a Swedish techpriest by the way, recruited from Fenrisian serfs on a Space Wolf battlebarge due to his natural skill with machines at a young age. He was thus apprenticed into the Mechanicus, after being ritually-cleansed for all his unintentional tech-heresy of course. He later got recruited along with the rest of the party by Inkvisitionen (as he calls them) after being some of the few survivors of a ship that was eaten by a strange spacial phenomenon.
And the several hours of mechanical organs playing to appease the machine spirit, and the scented inscense
I just want to add that the whole thing about medieval doctors keeping time by using well-known prayers whose rhythm and pacing would be familiar to just about anybody, that stuff is still used in modern medicine today. You go take a first aid class tomorrow and they'll tell you that when you're doing CPR you should time your chest compressions to Staying Alive or I Will Survive or a number of other popular songs in the range of 100-120 bpm. When I was in elementary school they taught us to sing Happy Birthday while washing out hands to make sure we'd wash them for the right amount of time. It turns out music is still the best way for people to intuitively understand specific frequencies or lengths of time.
One of the things that is most frustrating about studying history, is that modern humans seem to think that everyone who was alive before electricity just sat on their asses all day, every day, staring at a dirt floor and drooling quietly. Like... fuckin' *no?* They were out *doing stuff*. Peasant farmers in the medieval ages worked *less* than modern office drones, while at the same time didn't have any of our distractions. So that means they had to *go do other shit*. And that holds true for *every human ever to exist*.
Can't read this at all on mobile without like downloading the image I guess. What happened to people separating these into multiple images instead of one unreasonably long one?
when theyre separated sometimes they dont display fully and you have to load each individual one in a different tab on pc, its annoying as hell. no idea how that is on mobile
If there are multiple on mobile you just click the image and swipe to go through the stack. It’s way better than whatever this is.
? I'm on mobile and I was able to read the whole thing
web browser or the app? I'm just using android chrome
Saame
My mother told me she used to sing the "Ave Maria" while she was turning on the gas stove in the flat she had as an apprentice, because it took ages to finally keep burning without the starter. She never measured the exact time it took, but she knew after singing the eternally long "Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaveeeeeeeeeeeeee Maaaaaaaaariiiiiiiiiiaaaaaaaaaa" it was enough time to let go.
Note about the eye salve in the same vein, I believe they first tried making it with modem lab equipment and it didn't work. Then they tried it with 'a brazen vessel' and had a much more pronounced effect, thanks to the copper reaction.
People finding a thread related to their thesis and excitedly shotgunning information is my favorite topic on tumblr
In the army, they teach you to time short bursts from a machine gun along the cadence “*die motherfucker die*” to get the ideal amount of suppressive fire that can be sustained over time without running out of ammo
Shortest tumblr screenshot
Okay, i did NOT expect to see Nanny ogg's cookbook here. It completely ruined the mood of the post for me from a serious-ish one to a quasi-joke
To be honest, I'm slightly disappointed someone didn't mention Terry Pratchett's Nation. There's a scene that describes using a rhyme/incantation as a timing device which actually becomes important for the plot later on, so I won't spoil it .
Yes, I thought of that straight away! There’s so much folkloric and historical detail in his work, no way he didn’t have some of this context.
Just thought about pantaloon birds and chuckled to myself. Such a good book.
It's embarrassing how excited I got seeing Nanny Ogg's cookbook referenced. Was expecting some highly suggestive medieval lore or ancient aphrodisiac recipes to come up after that.
And that's exactly why referencing it ruined the post's mood for me. Even without the suggestive stuff being here, i've been Pavlov'd into feeling it
Reminds me of the people who would grind up the bones of their enemies into their iron swords to enchant them. It worked. That is, the carbon in the bones created a primitive steel, so the "enchanted" swords were tougher, sharper, and lighter than the other iron ones. There are still things, to this day, that people dismiss as "superstition". But hey, if it works, it works.
Shortest r/tumblr post.
Basically used for a similar reason that we teach young kids to sing the Birthday song twice when washing their hands. Its something well known to most people irrelevant of whether they are literate, is spoken with a specific cadence, and holds an important significance so it would be taken more seriously (albeit less so for impatient children who try to sing the birthday song really fast so they spend less time handwashing, than to a god-fearing medieval person reciting a prayer).
"This is your birthday song! It isn't very long."
> I know that church bells were definitely used as timekeepers Isn't that...what they're for?
Hey gang is it worth the read?
If you like medical / historical nerdery, absolutely
Hmmm I wonder what this tumblr thread is abou- OH MY GOD
My favorite thing about this sub is opening a seeming normal image and getting a whole written documentary
In 2020 there came a great plague that swept across the continents. People were encouraged while cleaning and doing household tasks to chant a song bringing in their next Birthday so they might live another year
Someone's gotta make 'where has all the custard gone' to the tune of 'i need a hero' please and thank you very much
I mean we tell people to wash their hands for two Happy Birthdays so how can we judge
I’m on bed-rest after a surgery, and boy was that a fascinating read! Looks like this Alice is about to stumble down the rabbit hole for a couple of hours!!
Oh hey a long Tumblr thread that doesn't have a part that I just absolutely hate. Nice
Reminds me of an ancient recipe for hormone therapy that's still in use today. We don't know for sure what it was used for originally. It may have been used by people who today we would call transfeminine people to transition. It may have been used as birth control, or as treatment for menopause issues. That last one is what this same medicine(with more modern production methods) is used for today. But we still know the basic recipe that's probably thousands of years old: aromatic herbs(the smellier, the better, you'll see why), wood ashes, and urine from a pregnant horse. The modern version of the medicine uses fancy synthetic materials instead of ashes, and does chemistry stuff to it all to make it safer and less gross, but the source of estrogen is the same. And it still goes by a name based on that source of estrogen. PREgnant MAre's urINe. Premarin.
When Fall fans would give directions from the train station or whatever to the forthcoming gig venue walking distances were given in terms of assorted specific bits of Fall songs. This was easy as many Fall songs have an extremely steady walking/striding beat. Prime example, Blindness https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eQPoVNrCZTk
There have been a lot of clickbait titled documentaries and articles about Isaac Newton suggesting he was into mysticism and alchemy and not a real scientist. But yeah. In his day that was science. Chemistry didn't exist. Only alchemy. He believed strongly that all the sciences and mathematics were connected and from his perspective hos religious beliefs fwll into that too. So he studied all of them and wrote on them. He discovered so many things. He conteadicted the belief of the time for how light worked and using that knowledge created a mirror telescope a fraction of the size but many times the strength of existing lens telescopes. So of course he tried to figure out what was actually true with alchemy and of course he looked for some link to the spiritual. He looked at least. Looking is what science is about. So yeah we need to ditch the 20th century snobbery of "they couldn't possibly have known anything worthwhile back then" because progress is not a linear thing accross all time and cultures. Knowledge is gained and lost. Someone could have no knowlege outside of superstitious remedies but one of those might have been a long time leftover from someone who actually cared for real reaults. It's worth a look.
It always amazes me to think we are still walking around with the same basic stuff as a species as we were 1000+ years ago. Sure, something like the way we walk might have changed due to wearing shoes but it's all the same, same brain, heart, skin, etc.
holy christ alive I’m on mobile and saw it wasn’t the full image so I opened it to read what I assumed would be a sentence or two of context WHY IS IT SO HUGE
Because thesis papers have to go somewhere after they're turned in for review. Usually they're spewed on Tumblr when the Dr is summoned by the vague topic they wrote about. Like magic they pop into existence like a toddler who learned how to do the Vulcan 🖖 hand thing and want to show you. Albeit with more big words.
I would just like to say that George Washington died because 4 different doctors showed up and just went "You know what his problem is? He's got too much blood."
I mean, at the time of my grandmother, in my country cooking time was still calculated in Our Father's and Hail Mary's
Good heavens that is a lot of text
mucho texto
can someone send me the link to the tumblr post so I don't have to screenshot the screenshot
I mean, we still do this. During the pandemic a way to keep time to know you washed your hand long enough was to sing the opening verse to the black parade. Am I the only one that did it? From "when I was a young boy" till "the beaten and the damned" is about 20 seconds
absolutely fantastic post but there is one thing that annoys the heck out of me of course church bells were used for timekeeping they still are, just go to any place with a church as someone who continually forgets their phone or watch, church bells and clocks on church towers are life savers one chime for :15, two for :30, three for :45 and four + the full hour with a different bell (sometimes the am/pm in a light pitch and the additional needed for the accurate 24 hour time in a deeper pitch)
also, shit like this is why ancient brahman priests were able to memorize the orally-transmitted bhagavad gita, which is like a 4 hour read at 250 wpm, or how homer was able to recite the illiad/odyssey, its so much easier to memorize a song than it is to just memorize text
I didn’t even read this but it always shocks me when I click on a post like this and a fucking MILE of text and image appears. No way am I reading all that but I appreciate it.
tldr: prayers were timekeeping pieces, an old medicine can kill antibiotic resistant mrsa staph, so do not underestimate humanity's intelligence.
I reacted the same way, but I'm at lunch and bored, so sure fuck it, and dug in. No joke, it was totally worth the read.
i remember hearing about a written down recipe for cooking something but instead of saying how many minutes you have to do something they use a song and prayers
That's this post
Who's got time to read that jeez
Heavy Mechanicus Breathing
I ain’t reading all that.
Gamer, I am NOT reading all of that
I ain’t reading all that. RedditGPT, can you summarize it for me?
Honestly as usual, this tumblr post needs way more citations and so many of the things people are preaching are questionable at best. Is copper induced cytotoxicity really that amazing of a discovery? Is time keeping with chants, prayers, and songs really that surprising or are you all just disconnected from traditional life?
Oh stop being a turd. They wrote their thesis on this topic. Do you expect them to dredge up their thesis paper and copy the works cited page for a Tumblr post?
This..this is good civilization.
tl;dr- It's the French's fault. (I'm joking, thats cool man.)
can i have the original post link?
This was fun to read.
Huh, I wonder if they had this in mind when they named the Paternoster Gang in Doctor Who? I know it's also a place. Pretty neat easter egg if so.
I highly recommend the book *Witches, Midwives, and Nurses* by Barbara Ehrenreich. It goes into the history of the divide between traditional and conventional medicine.
I used to do this with Digimon theme song
seeing that behemoth of text was like getting hit with a flash grenade and seeing the true form of god
This is fascinating! What a wonderful post, it made my whole day a little better!
I like the part about the relationship to religion the medieval Christians had... It reminds me of Islam today, how Muslims believe that it is not just a belief or faith, but a way of life. We try to live our lives around the principles of Islam, balance the physical and the spiritual together. Like, my grandparents will be walking and then suddenly say a short prayer. Before leaving the house my mum says a prayer, she says it keeps her safe from accidents while driving. If my dad wakes up at night he'll sleepily say zikr or the kalma and then go back to sleep. My friends have favourite prayers and favourite ayaat from the Quran that help them when they're feeling down or help them feel grateful. There are prayers that I say before every exam, when I come back home, when I suddenly remember that the lady in the house across the street passed away. I feel like medieval Christianity must have been similar, idk.
That story at the end is actually something I've discussed before to explain why people are working to try and integrate more advanced modern medicine and traditionalist precolonial practices in my countries. A lot of people think that not just ignoring all the experienced sangomas and amxhwele in my country is out of pity for the sake of humoring them, but those people never seem to remember that those people have the same goals as any doctor with a degree. Medical practitioners all over the world have been working for thousands of years to advance the craft of helping people. They may not understand all the intricacies of what they're doing, but a sangoma in the middle of nowhere doesn't have that luxury, so they stick to doing what works. Most modern medicine is leaps and bounds more effective than their traditional equivalent, but my country is 1. very rural and 2. has a lot of poverty. Once again, a lot of people don't have the luxury of access to aid like that. While traditional practices aren't the most effective, they've been honed over millennia of experimentation and practice to be as *practical* as possible. Giving such practices more support means that people who don't live in big towns as middle-class citizens can still receive aid. It would be foolhardy to leave millions of people unattended simply because we don't want to find someone who's dedicated their career to learning practices with thousands of years of refinement behind them.
how did you get the image so long?!?!?!
I am not going to read a single word of that
I have gained newfound appreciation for human history.
I was not ready for the size of this fucking post lmao. Literal jumpscare
When I opened this post I could hear megalith from ace combat 4 playing in my mind
At some point, we just gotta post links to epub files.
Nothing like good old leech medicine [Medieval medicine #shorts by @Stanzipotenza (youtube short video)](https://youtube.com/shorts/Yi12eNNiqos?si=-UDv-nYlAqmR-W9K)